1. Ground of Happiness
“The Bodhisattva at the very beginning of the Ten Grounds is like an infant who has just left the sagely womb and been born into the lineage of the Tathāgatas. He perfects the conduct of benefitting self and benefitting others, and is certified as to his sagely position. Hence he gives rise to great happiness.

2. Ground of Leaving Filth
“The Bodhisattva becomes replete with pure precepts and renounces all actions that are contrary to morality and comportment. Hence on this ground he leaves the filth of afflictions behind.

3. Ground of Emitting Light
“From supreme samadhi, the wondrous teaching, and four types of dhāraṇī, the Bodhisattva gives rise to the Three Wisdoms: the wisdom of hearing, the wisdom of consideration, and the wisdom of cultivation. From the attainment of those kinds of wisdom, he emits a sublime light.

4. Ground of Blazing Wisdom
“On this ground the Bodhisattva achieves a dazzling wisdom light that consumes the tinder of all afflictions. Whereas the former three grounds are still located in the world, this ground marks the beginning of a world-transcending position.

5. Ground of Difficult Conquest
“Upon this ground the Bodhisattva testifies to the interaction between wisdom of relative truth and the nondiscriminating wisdom of absolute truth. Through the mutual and nonobstructive functioning of those two kinds of wisdom, he accomplishes clever expedient means, such as the Five Sciences, to teach living beings. On this level he transcends the world and yet completely accords with the world. Since this is a position that is difficult to surpass, it is called Difficult Conquest.

6. Ground of Manifestation
“The Bodhisattva gives rise to great prajñā wisdom through contemplation of the Twelve Links of Conditioned Arising (twelvefold conditioned arising) and is no longer caught up in the discrimination of purity and defilement. Thus there is the manifestation of sublime conduct.” (EDR V 279-280)

7. Ground of Traveling Far
“This ground is characterized by cultivation that is without an appearance and without effort. Since effortless functioning is accomplished, the Bodhisattva far transcends all the practices of the Two Vehicles. Hence the name ‘Traveling Far.’

8. Ground of Not Moving
“As a reward of the Bodhisattva conduct, the Bodhisattva has now reached the state which is without marks and without interval; hence the name ‘Not Moving.’ On this ground the Bodhisattva casts off the activities of production within the Three Realms—the realms of desire, form, and formlessness. He also attains the Patience with Non-Production. Through the wisdom of the contemplation of marklessness, he is ‘not moved’ by any affliction.

9. Ground of Wholesome Wisdom
“The Bodhisattva attains the Four Unobstructed Eloquences and perfects the merit of being a great Dharma Master. He is able to speak Dharma that perfectly suits the potentials of all living beings. Hence on this ground he achieves ‘wholesome wisdom.’

10. Ground of the Dharma Cloud
“By this stage the Bodhisattva attains a vast Dharma body. He is full and accomplished, like a huge Dharma cloud that protects all under heaven, and which sends down Dharma rain to nourish all beings. In this way the Bodhisattva benefits sentient creatures in boundlessly inconceivable ways.” (EDR VI 280)

菩薩十地