ignorance
Ignorance is the fundamental cause of our non-enlightenment. It is the first link in the Twelvefold Conditioned Arising.
Commentary
“Ignorance is merely a false mark. It is not real, and so it is subject to production, extinction, increase, decrease, defilement, purity, and so on. Ignorance is empty and unreal. It has no real substance. It is only a name and corresponds to nothing in reality. It cannot be grasped or seen. It causes us to undergo birth, old age, sickness, and death, worry, grief, and misery.” (DFS II 374)

